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Binomial {stats}

The Binomial Distribution
Package: 
stats
Version: 
R 3.0.1

Description

Density, distribution function, quantile function and random generation for the binomial distribution with parameters size and prob.

Usage

dbinom(x, size, prob, log = FALSE)
pbinom(q, size, prob, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)
qbinom(p, size, prob, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)
rbinom(n, size, prob)

Arguments

x, q
vector of quantiles.
p
vector of probabilities.
n
number of observations. If length(n) > 1, the length is taken to be the number required.
size
number of trials (zero or more).
prob
probability of success on each trial.
log, log.p
logical; if TRUE, probabilities p are given as log(p).
lower.tail
logical; if TRUE (default), probabilities are P[X ≤ x], otherwise, P[X > x].

Details

The binomial distribution with size = n and prob = p has density for x = 0, ..., n. Note that binomial coefficients can be computed by choose in R.

If an element of x is not integer, the result of dbinom is zero, with a warning. p(x) is computed using Loader's algorithm, see the reference below.

The quantile is defined as the smallest value x such that F(x) ≥ p, where F is the distribution function.

Values

dbinom gives the density, pbinom gives the distribution function, qbinom gives the quantile function and rbinom generates random deviates.

If size is not an integer, NaN is returned. The length of the result is determined by n for rbinom, and is the maximum of the lengths of the numerical parameters for the other functions. The numerical parameters other than n are recycled to the length of the result. Only the first elements of the logical parameters are used.

See Also

Distributions for other standard distributions, including dnbinom for the negative binomial, and dpois for the Poisson distribution.

Examples

require(graphics)
# Compute P(45 < X < 55) for X Binomial(100,0.5)
sum(dbinom(46:54, 100, 0.5))
 
## Using "log = TRUE" for an extended range :
n <- 2000
k <- seq(0, n, by = 20)
plot (k, dbinom(k, n, pi/10, log = TRUE), type = "l", ylab = "log density",
      main = "dbinom(*, log=TRUE) is better than  log(dbinom(*))")
lines(k, log(dbinom(k, n, pi/10)), col = "red", lwd = 2)
## extreme points are omitted since dbinom gives 0.
mtext("dbinom(k, log=TRUE)", adj = 0)
mtext("extended range", adj = 0, line = -1, font = 4)
mtext("log(dbinom(k))", col = "red", adj = 1)

Documentation reproduced from R 3.0.1. License: GPL-2.